Types of diabetes
(1) Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed in children and young adults, and was previously known as juvenile diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce enough insulin. Type 1 diabetes is treated by insulin injections. In Hong Kong, approximately 3% of diabetic populations have Type 1 disease.
(2) Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes. In Hong Kong, around 97% of diabetic populations have type 2 diabetes. In type 2 diabetes, either the body does not produce enough insulin or insulin cannot function properly due to resistance of body cells to insulin actions. Insulin is necessary for the body to use glucose effectively. It enables glucose to enter from the blood into the cells for energy production or storage. When glucose builds up in the blood stream instead of entering the cells, due to either insufficient insulin action or inadequate insulin secretion, high blood glucose levels will then follow.
- The cells may be starved of energy leading to fatigue and weight loss.
- Over time, high blood glucose levels may cause widespread blood vessel damage causing multiple
complications including the eyes, kidneys, nerves, brain and heart
Type 2 diabetes is managed mainly by diet and exercise control. Many patients eventually need oral medications and some patients may need insulin injections to keep blood glucose under control.
